My Childhood Roommate

Eight Years To Go I was five when I began counting down the years until my sister would move out. Don’t get me wrong – I love her. I love her like I love the winter coat crammed in my closet; it’s great when the temperature is below freezing and I need it to keep me warm, but every other day it takes up half the space in my closet and I’m tempted to slash it  ­into a million pieces. Since my sister is four years older, as a child, I thought she was the wisest person I knew. She took full advantage of this. Any story she told (like the one about the cat who gave birth to a chicken) was 100 percent true: the boogeyman really would kidnap me if I didn’t sleep under the covers, and when we played Scrabble, the word that scored her 36 points, confuzzled, was actually in the dictionary (just the newer edition we didn’t have). Along with the stories of me being adopted and all our relatives being able to do magic except me, my sister convinced me of another reason why I didn’t belong in the family. I had always been perplexed why my sister and mom both had striking strawberry blond hair while mine was dark. â€Å"That’s because Mom had an accident on your head when you were born,† my lovely sister reasoned. I washed my hair 100 times that week. Six Years To Go As a younger sister, I never once received first dibs on the chocolate cake batter spoon; I never got to be teacher when we played school, or be Beauty when we acted out our favorite Disney movie; riding shotgun was completely out of the question. Sharing a room, however, caused the most problems. My sister must have failed basic math because the tape that separated our room clearly did not split it in half. It was more like 90/10. Guess who had the bigger slice. My â€Å"half,† however, included the closet. I assumed this gave me full reign over the clothes inside. Wrong. One day while my sister was gone (most likely torturi ng some other innocent person), I decided to try on her new Old Navy overalls with the rhinestone straps. I slipped into the two-sizes-too-big outfit and ran into the bathroom where I admired myself in the mirror, pretending to be flirting with Josh, the love of my life (that week, anyway). Far from my daydreaming mind, footsteps echoed down the hall. â€Å"What do you think you’re doing?† The words tingled down my spine like a spider. My heart stopped. My hands trembled. I had been caught. Please don’t kill me in my sleep. Dear God, please don’t let my sister kill me in my sleep. Four Years To Go The sounds weren’t unfamiliar; the slamming doors, the screaming voices, the shattering dishes. Mom was fighting with the boyfriend again. I had stopped remembering their names. My sister and I tiptoed into our room. Ignoring the tape on the floor, I crawled into bed with her and she handed me her CD player. Everything we had fought about that da y didn’t matter anymore. She was the warm coat I needed. And I remembered why I love her. The next day, when we watched â€Å"Aladdin,† she let me be Princess Jasmine. Two Years To Go Tonight was yet another night with my head under my pillow, attempting to drown out the music that felt like an earthquake through the walls of our house. Tonight I hated my sister and her thunderous parties. I hated her for keeping me up until 3 a.m. when I told her I had an important test the next day. It was nights like these that reminded me why I couldn’t wait for my sister to move out. I walked downstairs and was disgusted by the teenagers drinking out of red plastic cups and groping each other as if they were checking for ticks. However, the worst sight of all was discovering my sister in the middle of it. No longer was she the wise, beautiful girl I had looked up to, but instead just  ­another person who had let me down. It’s hard to remember why you lov e someone when all you can think about is how much you hate them. 0 Years To Go I had two Christmases the year my sister left for college. Finally I was free – no more sharing a room, no more being harassed, and best of all, no more nights of only four hours of sleep. After counting down for nine years, I was finally an only child. I thought I would be the happiest girl ever. And I was, at first. No longer did I have to take a three-minute ice-cold shower or share an entrà ©e at an expensive restaurant. I was living the life of an only child and loving it. But after a few weeks I began to feel lonely. No one was around to give me advice about boys or fashion. Sure, my sister and I had our clashes, but we always had each other when we were in need. Now, separated by 500 miles and a string of mountains, I feel like I am missing my other half.

Slave Men Were Needed For Labour Wok Essay - 1911 Words

Slave men were needed for labour wok. Many slave women were required to keep the slave men, or slave owner men, company and as domestic and plantation workers, and were therefore not pitied or seen as being that weak. They also were seen as producers of the next generation of slaves, and was therefore mainly raped and abused by many masters. On average, a woman would have her first child at twenty years old. Salve women were also seen as not having high morals and as they were the property of the slave owner men then they could do what they like to them, and therefore it was not seen as rape. It was often also the case that white slave owner women would prostitute their women slaves to white men. Although men were more likely to flee, the lives enslave women led were mostly the reasons why they rebelled and attempted to escape from their lives; however, either would suffer worse consequences if or when they were captured as it was an offence to rebel against slavery. Slave women did all kinds of work, depending on their age or health, as did the slave children. The children under twelve years old cleaned the fields. Those over 12 years old were given light workloads to do, unless they were sick or the girls were pregnant or just had a child; some masters were malicious enough to make their pregnant slave women work even harder during pregnancy. Those that were sixteen years old and upwards did the heavy workload, while the elderly women supervised all the others. Slave womenShow MoreRelatedEmployee Motivation in the Organization: a Case Study of Nigerian Ports Authority13675 Words   |  55 PagesCHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Of all the factors of production, labour is the most important factor of production, which is supplied by the employees. The success or failure of any enterprise is therefore ultimately predicated on the willingness or otherwise of the people who supply the labour Force. A manager plays an important part in coordinating the efforts of individual workers to active organizational objectives. His work also include planning

What I Have Learned About Myself From My Personality Test

The topics this paper will cover include how the Holy Spirit has worked in my life, what I have learned about myself from my personality test self-assessments, insights with respect to my current life in my organization, my leadership and team skills, and various other personality insights that I have analyzed. The results of my Project One and Project Two Self-Assessment tests suggest that INTJ’s such as myself are generally not highly effective communicators. Additionally, we are typically not sensitive to others and their thoughts, feelings, and emotions. On the other hand, I discovered from my Project One and Project Two Self-Assessments that I am a fairly competent employee with tremendous leadership potential. I possess leadership†¦show more content†¦Although I strive to improve on anything and everything I pursue, perfectionism can slow team efficiency down, especially when that perfectionism chronically bogs me down. Furthermore, I get easily discouraged, and as a perfectionist, I am often over-critical of myself and others. Values and Attitude Insights. My Value and Attitude insight scores were as follows: (1) Power- 1 point; (2) Achievement- 9 points; (3) Hedonism- 3 points; (4) Stimulation- 10 points; (5) Self-Direction- 10 points; (6) Universalism- 10 points; (7) Benevolence- 10 points; (8) Tradition- 7 points; (9) Conformity- 10 points; (10) Security- 9 points. These results indicated that I do not value power, nor hedonism. On the other hand, according to my Project Two Self-Assessments, I highly value achievement, stimulation, self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, and security. Additionally, according to my Self-Assessment, my â€Å"Harmonizer† score of 7 indicated that I possess the moderate ability to mediate conflict through reconciliation or humor. 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It is our job as humans to identify how to best use our personalities for the greater good and make a difference. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, my personality was determined to be ENFP. As an ENFP, I thrive when I am aroundRead MoreMyers Briggs Personality Test : Evaluation997 Words   |  4 PagesMyers-Briggs personality test, which will include results from the Jung typology test. I have learned that my Jung Typology results is a ENTJ which put me in the Executive type of leadership position. ENTJ I will discuss ENTJ personality as a whole and the meaning of each letter within the results. Finally I will touch up on what I have learned as a whole and how to improve myself within my organization. ENTJ ENTJ according to Myers-Briggs are naturally born leaders and a take charge type of person. I truly

Teenagers Addiction free essay sample

This paper observes how fast food is causing so much obesity, laziness, and even serious diseases among many young people. It is based on a survey research that commonly reports the opinions, choices, degree of agreement or disagreement that teen responders have with a prestated position. What is the deal with this fatal addiction?! Let us find out.. Fast Food: Teenagers Addiction 1. Introduction: It’s 12:30 a. m. You’ve spent your entire night doing your late-night homework and now you have a craving for the munchies. Your mouth waters as you spot a box of Oreos, a bag of Doritos, and yes, even a bag of popcorn. However, what you don’t know about these seemingly harmless, delicious snacks is that they contain loads of fats that, on the log run, will surely harm your health! I have put both my time and energy to research about this topic (fast food consumption among teenagers) not only because of its personal influence (considering Im a teen who used to be a sucker for junk food), but also because this issue has been strongly prevaling and has been increasing potentially harmful effects on us teenagers as were growing older, such as diabetes, high blood pressure problems that can come with even worse complications, like heart diseases and fatal storkes. With only very few exceptions, fast foods have exceedingly high content of saturated fat and trans fat that can easily increase the level of bad cholesterol in a persons body. In addition to fats, sugars and salts that are found in junk food like candy bars and burgers, respectively, also can have negative impacts on teenagers healths. Also, some of my school friends have known persons that are currently suffering from the results of constant consumption of fast food. These teenagers suffer from not only evident damages to their physical health, but also those damages to their intellectual health. Moreover, seeing as we are such a school community, I hope that we must be vigilant and take notice for each other as we all wish our friends to stay healthy, joyful, and successful individuals with long healthy lives. 2. Overview of the subject: Teenagers are becoming immensely absorbed into the theme of today, as their transforming lifestyles are bringing about a lot of challenges in the world. The rapid, untiring, and nervous lifestyles of teenagers today are bringing them towards more fast food consumption rather than healthier and home cooked food. This has unfortunately increased the rates of obesity througout the continents. Obesity is a very important problem faced by many countries as the instances of heart diseases and diabetes being observed among teens are growing daily. Teenagers undergoing obesity can have long term sicknesses which will be discovered sooner or later in their lives. In Canada, over 26% of teenagers (1. 6 million teenagers) are considered overweight or obese. (Frood, 2009). The same phenomenon has occurred in the United States. The prevalence of overweight teenagers in the United States has increased dramatically in the past few years. Recent reports have reached epidemic levels, with approximately 16 percent of teenagers, 12 to 19 years old, classified as overweight (Bellows Roach, 2009). According to Novikova, there are three major causes why so many teenagers are attracted to fast food consumption (Novikova, 2009): The first factor is that of time constraints. This means that junk food is addictive due to its simplicity and students prefer it as it is very quick to purchase. Students save themselves the hassle of preparing a lunch the night before or even eating breakfast, because some find it tedious and time consuming. In fact, they prefer to grab a quick bite in between classes or to have a quick lunch from the cafeteria so that they can continue with their tasks being almost uninterrupted, hence making junk food utterly convenient for students to purchase. The second main reason junk food is hard to resist is the delicious taste. However, the truth is that junk foods get their taste from large amounts of oils, salts, and sugars, mostly resulting in empty calories (providing energy without any real nutrients needed by the body). Junk food is also tempting, especially on bad days; some studies suggest that carbohydrates, which are present in most junk foods, increase serotonin levels, prompting one to feel happier. A third factor is the increasing availability of junk food. The increase in availability is mostly within districts lacking funds to supply nutritious food; therefore, they turn to the cheap, efficient, and tasty alternative that appears to keep everybody content. In general, a 10 percentage point increase in the proportion of schools with junk food is correlated with about a 1 percent higher BMI for the average student, according to National Bureau of Economic Research. This means the more junk food available, the more weight gainshowing a large disregard for the health risks associated with it; if its there, students will eat it (Novikova, 2009). 3. Methodology section: This research, which studies the estimations and views of teenagers, examines a rank of fast food-related themes. Using measuring survey approaches, I have polled 15 high school students, all of which ranged between 13 to 18 years of age. Each questionnaire paper was composed of four carefully chosen questions, all of which were multiple choice questions (refer back to Appendix A for questions). As it can be inferred from the number of questions, the questionnaire has designed to be brief and straight to the point, in order to meet my researchs critical needs successfully. After the data were obtained, information was examined methodically using content analytic approaches. In general, I found that most, if not all, teenagers were well-enlightened about good health and home-food cooking, but they did not translate this knowledge into food behavior; they prefer fast food consumption. Teenagers felt that there were many obstacles and limits to changing their fast food consumption – specifically, lack of time, absence of discipline, and absence of the sense of urgency. Time was regarded as the most important aspect – students realized themselves as being too engaged to worry about food, nourishment, meal cooking, and eating properly. The next remarks were typical: â€Å"We prefer other ways to spend time and we do not have enough time to change bad habits. † â€Å"We do not have the time with all this school work – a lot of problems. † â€Å"Theres a lot more than food that is actually important to us. † 4. Analysis and interpretation: While the greater number of students in the questionnaire said that they found some kinds of healthy foods agreeable (few of them even suggested their addition in the school food schedule), there was omnipresent and ubiquitous endorsement of temperance in consuming foods of minimal nutritional value. The primary attraction of fast foods, according to the pupils, is the taste. Most noticed that they preferred and ate such foods without noticing the consequences, which involved â€Å"getting fat,† â€Å"occurrence of inflamed glands,† â€Å"bad state of mind† â€Å"bad health,† â€Å"poor feeding† â€Å"laziness,† â€Å"cavities,† and â€Å"getting ill frequently†. The other most popular cause given for consumption of fast food is its practicality. At all times, seeming to be in a rush, teenagers find fast food, in spite of its negative values, to be an essential part of their busy lives. The most important obstacle that these teens cited in the questionnaire was the unsuitability and expenditure involved in developing their diets. Since many teenagers are becoming conscious of themselves as leading lively, energetic, busy individuals, they sometimes trust that it is too much trouble to prepare a meal from scratch, thinking it would be a waste of time. More precisely, they cant seem to stop describing how much they are tempted to fast-food places and well-timed and favorable foods (such as chocolates, sweets, and chips). Such food selections are easy to reach and involve no planning or trouble in shopping for. The prevailing opinion among the teenagers I polled is that healthy food is â€Å"too large of a bother† and they are too engaged and pressured to consider much about healthy food. 5. Conclusion: Teenagers require to learn the skills obligatory to make dietary transformation. They require to know how to make suitable, proper food choices, to read food labels and nutrition facts, and to reckon up dietary and food information. Moreover, training in fields such as solution making, assertiveness, and opposition to peer pressure required to be involved into programs purposed at producing food changes. During this questionnaire pupils put forward for consideration that many teenagers’ absence the self-discipline required to eat healthy foods since their priority is for fast food consumption. Ultimately some of the teen respondents put forward for consideration that practicing good food habits had little hurry to teenagers. While self-confessing the significance of healthy eating practices, teenagers thought they would concern later in life about eating better. 6. Appendix (A) : the questions 1) How often do you eat fast food? (A) I love fast food, and I eat it everyday. (B) I like fast food very much, and eat it at least 4 times a week. (C) I like fast food, and it eat it once to three times a week. (D) I dont really prefer it, but I have no choice but to eat it frequently. (E) I dont like fast food, but I eat it only occasionally. (on monthly basis) (F) I dont like fast food at all, and I do not eat it at all. 2) Why do you like fast food? (A) Nibbling on somewhat sweet makes the time go by. (B) I do not know if it is the dazzling and beaming colors, or chewiness, but gummy bears just make me happy when Im depressed. (C) Chilli-cheese fries and burgers are my mood supporters during stressful times! (D) I do not understand if it is the continuous chewing, but potato chips help me ponder and meditate whenever I need something fast to help me focus. (E) All of the above. 3) Do you ever feel guilty after eating your favorite junk treat such as some Lays chips or a Big Mac? (A) Yes, I usually do some exercises to balance it out a bit. (B) Sometimes, when I feel like I over-ate. (C) Sometimes, when my parents give me a lecture. (D) No, I do not feel guilty. 4) Do you think you need to improve your health life and eating habits? (A) Yes, I think I am slowly destroying my body, and I need to cut down on junk! (B) Maybe, but not until Im at least in my 20s. (C) No, I see no harm in eating anything that I please! 7. Appendix (B) : the answers (in percentage) 1) How often do you eat fast food? (A) I love fast food, and I eat it everyday. 17% (B) I like fast food very much, and eat it at least 4 times a week. 22% (C) I like fast food, and it eat it once to three times a week 28% (D) I dont really prefer it, but I have no choice but to eat it frequently. -24% (E) I dont like fast food, but I eat it only occasionally. 6% (F) I dont like fast food at all, and I do not eat it at all. 3% 2) Why do you like fast food? (A) Nibbling on somewhat sweet makes the time go by. 9% (B) I do not know if it is the dazzling and beaming colors, or chewiness, but gummy bears just make me happy when Im depressed. 15% (C) Chilli-cheese fries and burgers are my mood supporters during stressful times! 25% (D) I do not understand if it is the continuous chewing, but potato chips help me ponder and meditate whenever I need something fast to help me focus. 25% (E) All of the above. 26% 3) Do you ever feel guilty after eating your favorite junk treat such as some Lays chips or a Big Mac? (A) Yes, and I usually do some exercises to balance it out a bit. 15% (B) Sometimes, when I feel like I over-ate and when I become too stuffed. 30% (C) Sometimes, when my parents give me a lecture. 25% (D) No, I do not feel guilty. 30% 4) Do you think you need to improve your health life and eating habits? (A) Yes, I think I am slowly destroying my body, and I need to cut down on junk food. 15% (B) Maybe, but not until Im at least in my 20s. -55% (C) No, I see no harm in eating anything that I please because my circumstances force me to be this way. 30% 8. Refereces: Bellows, L. , Roach, J. (2009). Childhood Overweight. Retrieved from: http://www. ext. colostate. edu/pubs/foodnut/09317. html Frood. S. (2009). Childhood Obesity Foundation. Retrieved from:http://www. childhoodobesityfoundation. ca/ http://www. childhoodobesityfoundation. ca/ Gorman, L. (2010). Junk Food Availability in Schools Raises Obesity. The National Bureau of Economic Research. Linn, S. (2004). Consuming Kids: the hostile takeover of childhood. London: The New Press. Novikova, V. (2009). How does junk food negatively affect our health? What can we do to reduce the consumption of such foods at the International Academy? Retrieved from: https://mrkhealth. pbworks. com/w/page/25282280/How%20does%20junk%20food%20nega tively%20affect%20our%20health 9. Critical Reflection: Basically, the part that took me a huge deal of thought and implementation was choosing my topic, and making sure Im choosing it for the right reasons. It took me a while to think about an issue that I would have loved to read about, learn more about, and know how to deal with. After that, it only seemed convenient for me to research about the hazards in junk food and how to prevent them as much as possible, for I, myself, am someone who needs a dietetic wake-up call! I was glad that I have found a topic that I was completely absorbed in, and from there, my journey of researching began. Digging more into my topic, by reading as many relevant articles as I could, slightly overwhelmed me, especially with the uncountable number of articles that I could use as references. However, with constant elimination, I finally succeeded to narrow down my options. Another challenge was choosing the 5 questions for my interview. At first, it took me a while to choose whether the question should be multiple choice questions or free-subjective ones. However, I knew for a fact that if I received a survey form to fill out, I would have preferred to have fast and easy-to-answer questions due to my typical teenage busy schedule and lack of patience. Therefore, I made sure to keep my survey questions easy to relate to and quick to answer. Of course, I also made sure to keep a varied set of answers available in order for them to meet everyones opinions. Last but not least, finalizing the research report was the most strenuous step among all. It took me a while to put my words together and make the best out of all the sources. To be completely honest, I never felt like I was burdened to the extent where I was so close to NOT doing this research. Despite the fact that Ive been exempted from the final exams, I umfortunately still have to study for two difficult SAT subject tests, and to practice for the musical performance that I will be performing on my graduation night , all that in a matter of 2 and a half weeks! Not to mention, of course, that I still havent bought my graduation dress! (that alone is a girls worst nightmare, believe me! ) Nevertheless, I was able to finish this ever-so-stressful mission, and I couldnt be more relieved! It made me realize that my hard work and perseverance never fail to pay off and make me outdo myself everytime. I am so pleased to say that I have officially broken my record of deligence against Dar Janas stressful assignments!

Metaphors by Sylvia Plath free essay sample

The poem, â€Å"Metaphors† by Sylvia Plath, would be an example of this. Some may look at this poem and believe it is random metaphors put into nine lines. I believe this is a poem about Plath’s idea of pregnancy as compared to traditionally unrelated objects. â€Å"Metaphors† has a clue in each line that would lead the reader to believe that it is depicting the process pregnancy. In the poem â€Å"Metaphors†, Plath opens with the line, â€Å"I’m a riddle with nine syllables. In this poem there are nine lines, and each line has nine syllables. This gives the reader a sense of importance revolving around the number nine. Also, people associate the number nine with the time span of pregnancy. There is a designed commonality in these, and the author intended for the reader to put these pieces together. The first part of this line, â€Å"I’m a riddle† describes the unknowns of pregnancy. We will write a custom essay sample on Metaphors by Sylvia Plath or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"An elephant, a ponderous house,† (2). If we were to break this line down into two parts, the author would first tell us she is an elephant. Elephants are depicted as very large and heavyweight creatures. This could mean that the author thought of herself as that too. When you carry a baby, you begin to get larger, and so the author may have compared herself to the largest land mammals as a way of exaggerating her weight gain from the pregnancy. The second line states that she is a â€Å"ponderous house† (2). A house is something that people live in; when the author compares herself to a house, she merely states that something is living inside her. Tendrils are slender threadlike appendages of a climbing plant. A melon strolling on two tendrils,† (3), describes the mother’s legs as compared to her pregnant body. This line creates imagery in the readers head. A melon is a larger object, which would not be able to stroll on two tendrils. The melon could resemble the baby, which is strolling on the mother’s legs. Just as the melon looks too big to be strolling on the tendrils, a mother could have a stomach that appears too big to be carried on her two small legs. â€Å"O red fruit, ivory, fine timbers! † (4), as said in the fourth line is a biblical allusion to the fruit of thy womb. A woman’s fruit of thy womb is her baby, the fruit being the child she is bearing in her womb. Ivory and fine timbers refer to a house, or her womb in which her baby is kept. When this line is read, it is the first you read about the actual baby, the previous lines only depict her body shape, while this one depicts what is inside of her. When women are pregnant, their stomach grows and rises every day, just as the baby grows. â€Å"This loaf’s big with its yeasty rising. † (5), is a metaphor describing the growth of a mother’s stomach. Just as bread gets larger as it cooks in an oven, the baby gets larger as it grows inside a mom. This analogy can also depict a relationship between the mother and the child. Just like bread needs the oven to grow, the child needs its mother to grow as well. â€Å"Money’s new- minted in this fat purse. † (6), explains the importance and impact the baby is having on her. The process of minting something is making something better. This line is also referring to the growth of the baby, because she is making the baby better every day. The use of the words money and purse are also clues to depict pregnancy. Money is a material thing, that has value and importance, the purse is just the carrier. She could be showing the reader that the baby has the meaning and the value, but she is just the carrier of the child, not the true value of the process. This is the point in the poem where she becomes scared, she is not going to be the center of attention, because the baby will have more worth and value than her. â€Å"I’m a means, a stage, a cow in a calf† (7), is when Plath becomes saddened. She is starting to feel as though she will have no value after the baby is born. She is just a means, or a way for the baby to come onto earth. She is a stage, a part of a production, musical or play, but she does not get as much praise as the production itself. She is a cow in a calf, the calf being the one who is praised after birth, not the cow itself. She is starting to feel more depressed about the outcomes of being a mom, because the most valuable thing is going to be her baby, not herself. Crazy cravings have always been a part of pregnancy. This line could refer to a crazy craving, as most people would think, but it could also refer to another biblical allusion. I’ve eaten a bag of green apples,† (8), could be a symbol of sin, and coming upon something too early in life. When Eve bites the apple in the Garden of Eden, she is condemned to a fate very painful, which could be referring to the painful process of delivering a child. This apple is also green, which could mean she is not ready for this pain, due the lack of ripeness the apple has. The last line reads â€Å"Boarded the train there’s no getting off. † (9) This means that she is too far along in her pregnancy to give up. She as realized that her life will not be the same, but now she has to accept this new life. She cannot give up on her baby now, and she has to become the best mother she can under whatever circumstances she has. This group of metaphors did tell a story, and I believe it was a story about pregnancy. Her struggles and her observations in a process all mothers have to go through in order to create a child. Although some of these metaphors could be interpreted differently, most of them seem to be drawing the same conclusion and have a common theme of pregnancy.

Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium The WritePass Journal

Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium 1.Introduction Investigating the 2012 Olympics Stadium and the Wembley Stadium 1.Introduction 2. Olympic Stadium Overview2.1 The organisations2.1.1 The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG):2.1.2 The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA):2.2 The London 2012 stakeholders2.2.1 The British Olympic Association (BOA)2.2.2 The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS)2.2.3 The Mayor of London2.2.3.1 The London Development Agency2.2.3.2 Transport for London2.2.3.3 The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG)2.2.4 The Olympic Board2.2.5 Olympic Park Legacy Company2.2.6 The British Paralympic Association (BPA)2.2.7: The five Host Boroughs3 The London 2012 Sustainability Plan 4. The Olympic Stadium Analysis2.1 stakeholders The Football AssociationDepartment of Culture, Media and SportSport EnglandThe London Development AgencyReferenceRelated 1.Introduction Project management has changed to plan, manage as well as organize the complex and different performances of modern industrial, business and organization change and IT projects. Every projects share a common feature which is the projection of ideas and performance into new activities. The pervasive factor of risk and uncertainty means that the actions and tasks leading to completing the project can certainly not be predicted with total accuracy. Cases of projects that have gone beyond their expenses by massive sum of money, not on time or being neglected before completion, such failures are common and seen in all kinds of projects in manufacturing, business and the public sector. The purpose of project management is to predict various risk and trouble as possible and to plan, manage and organize activities so that projects are completed successfully in spite of all the risks. The main aim of a project manager is for the product of the project to suit what the client as well as all the other major stakeholders requested for, within the promised timescale and without asking for additional money or resources than what was initially budgeted. The Olympic Stadium will host the Athletics and Paralympics Athletics events at the London 2012 Games, as well as the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. The Olympic Stadium is a professional stadium intended to be as sustainable as possible while catering for an Olympic event. The Olympic Stadium design was promoted as an example of sustainable progress; however a number of architecture reviewer have queried both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. Wembley stadium is a 90,000-capacity venue is the second largest stadium in Europe, and serves as Englands national stadium. It is the home venue of the England national football team, and hosts the latter stages of the top level domestic club cup competition, the FA Cup. 2. Olympic Stadium Overview The games Every four years, a new Host City begins its preparations for the Summer Olympic Games and Paralympics Games. The timing and the preparation are usually conducted under intense analysis, with the motive to meet the deadline for the completion of the project prior to the delivery of the project. The London’s 2012 Olympics games bid was based on the fact that it will make a massive change in London as well as the United Kingdom through the Olympic Games and Paralympics’ Games. The location of the 2012 Games will be the Olympic Park in east London, which is known for its diverse communities in the United Kingdom, and at the western edge of the Thames Gateway the biggest regeneration project in Europe. 2.1 The organisations There are two major organisations that there main focus is to make sure the delivering of the London 2012 Games is remarkable, they are namely: 2.1.1 The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG): this organisation is responsible for plannin g and staging the Olympics Games. LOCOG is a private company limited by guarantee, and makes approximately all its financial support from the sale of tickets and products, sponsorship and broadcasting revenues which could be a total of  £2 billion. The London 2012 brands the support the games needs to be very confined to ensure that the funds can be raised and use for the intended purpose. 2.1.2 The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA): this organisation is responsible for building the new venues and infrastructure for the Games, and make sure that they have a practical legacy use. The ODA is also responsible for converting the Olympics park for long-term use after the games is over. The ODA, which is also the planning authority for the Olympic Park site in east London, is a public body supported through council tax, National Lottery and regeneration funding. The ODAs work is underpinned by six main concern themes which are: design and accessibility, employment and skills, equality and inclusion, health, safety and security, sustainability, and legacy. LOCOG and the ODA are supported by the different London 2012 stakeholders, who are also responsible for ensuring that United Kingdom athlete, London, and the United Kingdom as a whole gain as much as possible from the 2012 Games. 2.2 The London 2012 stakeholders 2.2.1 The British Olympic Association (BOA) The BOA chooses leads and prepares Team GB at every summer, winter and Youth Olympic Games. The BOA is not supported financially or controlled by government as it is completely dependent upon commercial sponsorship and fundraising income to provide the support for Team GB. The BOA is also responsible for promoting the Olympic spirit and ideas through the charitable arm which is known as the British Olympic Foundation. 2.2.2 The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) is responsible for the London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006, the generally finances of the Games, and sponsorship of the Olympic Delivery Authority. The Department for Culture, Media Sport (DCMS) is also responsible for putting together the legacy benefits taken by all the business enterprise, cultural, environmental, educational and wider sporting proposal that will place all over the country as a result of the game before, during and after the London 2012. 2.2.3 The Mayor of London Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, works with the Greater London Authority (GLA) Group ensuring that all Londoners get the most possible benefit from the 2012 Games. He is also responsible for ensuring. The Mayor of London is also a member of the Chairpersons of the Olympic Board, which manages the 2012 project. The mayor of London is also directing some few departments that works together to ensure that the London 2012 is a success and they are namely: 2.2.3.1 The London Development Agency The Mayor’s London Development Agency (LDA) is responsible for the physical, social and economic legacy of the Olympic Park area. The Mayor’s London Development Agency is also responsible for skills and employment programmes, plan to boost common games participation as well as proposing London as a place to do big or small business. The Mayor’s London Development Agency is working in partnership with local authorities, London 2012, local communities, public sector bodies and other organisations in the planning and delivery of new communities and the restoration that they can support. 2.2.3.2 Transport for London The Transport for London is also under the Mayor of London’s direction, it is spending billions of pounds to bring a transport legacy for east London before 2012, to ensure that the east London area have a constant increase in transport investmen 2.2.3.3 The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG) The Olympic Park Regeneration Steering Group (OPRSG) offers direction of the Olympic legacy agenda for east and south east London. Its main concern is to ensure the development and delivery of the Legacy Master plan Framework. The purpose of the framework is set out a clear vision for the upcoming progress of the Olympic Park and its immediate environment, which will commences as soon as the games are over. 2.2.4 The Olympic Board The Olympic Board offers oversight, strategic coordination and monitoring of the entire 2012 Games project, making sure that the delivery of the pledge made to the IOC when the games was being awarded to London as well as a lasting legacy from the staging of the games. 2.2.5 Olympic Park Legacy Company The Olympic Park Legacy Company is responsible for the long-term planning, development, management and maintenance of the Olympic Park and its facilities after the London 2012 Games. The Olympic Park Legacy Company plans to develop the park to a new and successful park of the London city. 2.2.6 The British Paralympic Association (BPA) The British Paralympic Association (BPA) is responsible for sending off the best and finest prepared team to represent Great Britain at the winter and Summer Paralympic Games. At the Beijing Paralympic Games Paralympics GB had their most successful Games ever, winning 42 gold medals and finishing second on the medal table. The British Paralympic Association is also responsible for promoting the Paralympic Movement in the UK. 2.2.7: The five Host Boroughs The five Host Boroughs which are namely Greenwich, Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest are also key partners in supporting and delivering the Games in east London. Apart from the core area of the Games there are many other local authorities, both in London and elsewhere in the United Kingdom that will play host to Games venues, training camps and cultural activities. 3 The London 2012 Sustainability Plan London 2012 and the London 2012 stakeholders share a commitment to maximise sustainability, and the beneficial impact of the 2012 Games, across all these phases of the 2012 programme. The opening of the Olympic Games in London on 27 July 2012 is drawing close, and many plans and ideas are still in development. Sustainability, particularly, is a fast developing discipline, with new methods and technologies constantly being created to lessen ecological impacts and make best use of the social and economic benefits. The London 2012 Sustainability Plan covers the three main phases of the Games programme: Training: 2012 Games training concentrates on the proposal and building of the Olympic Park along with other permanent site and infrastructure. Event production: the lack of dependable data from other events makes it complicated to categorize targets and set new targets. Building a lasting and sustainable legacy: The 2012 Games have to secure a motivated and long-term physical and social legacy for the Olympic Park area and around the UK. The amenities and the Olympic Park itself will be the platform for a detailed, in progress and environmentally responsible regeneration programme. 4. The Olympic Stadium Analysis The Olympic Stadium design was endorsed as example of sustainable development, although a number of architecture reviewers have questioned both its aesthetic value and suitability as a national icon especially when compared to Beijing National Stadium. The Olympic stadium design was launched on 7 November 2007. The architect, Populous, is an architectural company which   focus on the design of sports facilities and conference centre, as well as planning of major special events. The Sydney’s Olympic bid used the Olympics to change its focus and brought about change, The Sydney’s Olympic also used the Olympics as a means of placing environmental permit to the public so as to think about sport and the change about to be implemented through delivering metropolitan regeneration. For many cities and countries, sport is now a means for making inward investment as well as reinforcing Brownfield sites; the strategy was used in Manchester and Melbourne (Commonwealth Games of 2002 and 2006 respectively), in Germany (2006 World Cup) and is currently being used by Glasgow in its bid for the 2014 Commonwealth Games. London won its bid on the back of three factors each of which factored in the concept of legacy; 1) London is known as one of the world’s most culturally and ethnically diverse populations 2) London is concerned about restoring one of the unprivileged areas of the city, which is in progress, by providing a legacy of amenities for local people 3) The benefactors of the Olympics are said to children, with the idea that different nations could link through sport. This point is said to be cause that made London’s bid stand out of the rest of the nation bids. The costs of hosting the Olympics are considerable, and have huge impacts upon people, space and financial commitment. London’s bid – unlike that of Paris – was focused upon a complete re-brand and re-construction of a brownfield site along the Lea Valley in east London. A range of new facilities is to be built in the area, together with the use of existing stadia for football. There is little doubt that the media will focus upon the impacts of the Olympics in terms of their costs. The same focus occurred in Sydney in the 5-6 years leading up to 2000, particularly in respect of costs arising from the remediation of polluted sites. Economic Impacts The government announced in January 2009 that more than 30,000 new jobs will be created between 2009 and 2012. Recent news coverage suggests the construction workforce for the Olympic site is expected to increase to around 6,000 by the end of 2009, despite the economic downturn which is affecting many other parts of the construction industry. As with Sydney, projected costs have proved to be gross underestimates. It is fair to ask whether the figures can now balance. The UK Government estimated in mid-2007 that costs would reach  £10 billion, over four times the original estimate, but that these would be exceeded by the scale of benefits. It is worth noting here that – Wembley Stadium apart – virtually every sports regeneration and construction project in the UK in recent years (e.g. Arsenal Emirates Stadium, Manchester Commonwealth Games) has been completed on time and to budget. The likely outcome is, therefore, that budgets will have been revised, but will be delivered, and that the deadlines are likely to be met with room to spare. Environmental Impacts Sydney branded itself as the world’s first ‘Green Olympics’. The plans for London have developed this concept further, with a focus upon environmental improvement, in some cases designed by the same design personnel responsible for Sydney. The central focus is Olympic Park, the first major park in London for over a century. The total economic impact is the sum of direct, indirect, and induced impacts resulting from the Games. The direct impact can be attributed to purchases of Games organisers in the preparation and execution of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Indirect impacts are felt in the goods and service industries that supply the industries that receive expenditures by Games organisers. Induced impacts are generated from the spending by people employed indirectly or directly by Games expenditures On a note of caution, none of the previous Olympics, not even Sydney, have significantly increased sports participation to a level or duration where this might conceivably lead to health benefits. It will need a high risk carefully thought through approach to succeed. Managing Change On a project of this scale and profile the team have had to be extremely flexible and adaptable to change. Requirements from the Olympic Delivery Authority side have remained consistent but as the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) began to ramp up their work, they made some changes to the project scope. As an example of this, it was agreed that the technology needed for the opening ceremony would be installed as part of the construction of the stadium rather than at the end. This additional work was not part of the original project scope, and so led to some delays while the works were catered for. However, the integrated approach of the team to challenges such as these has meant that the team were confident that these changes could be absorbed without affecting the overall programme. There are many forums established to facilitate learning between projects across the park. Park wide health and safety forums are held regularly and cross park meetings are regularly held at every level from CLM project manager, to director, to environmental manager meetings. A team from the project visited the Beijing Olympics so that any lessons from that project could be taken forward. In addition, the International Olympic Committee provided top tips from previous Olympic games Constraints and challenges There are limits on what can be achieved by London 2012. They do not lessen our ambition, but they need to be presented openly:– Some plans, for example for the treatment of waste during and after the 2012 Games, will depend on the provision of facilities and technologies that are not yet in place. Where this is the case, we can only signal our intention, and set out the developments that we will depend on to make this intention a reality.– The 2012 Games can act as a catalyst for new building technologies and new approaches to staging events, but the approaches used must be robust enough to cope with the largest event in the world and to take account of immovable deadlines, the priorities of sport and security, and contractual obligations to sponsors and rights holders.– The work being done to integrate sustainability into event planning and management is ground breaking. Although many other major events, including previous Games, have carried out ‘greenin g’ initiatives, there is very little reliable quantitative information on which to base strategies and targets. – Budgets must be respected: value for money does not mean lowering ambitions to achieve the lowest costs, but economic viability (and the added value that can be achieved through sustainable procurement) must be seen as an integral part of overall sustainability.– London 2012 can commit to the standards it will meet, but in other areas we can only influence, using the huge inspirational power of the Games to encourage others to change their behaviour, for example by encouraging international spectators to minimise the carbon impact of their travel to the UK. For specific cases, like a number of transport infrastructure projects, London 2012 is a part-funder but does not have complete control. 3. Wembley Overview Wembley was designed by architects HOK Sport and Foster and Partners with engineers Mott MacDonald, built by Multiplex and funded by Sport England, WNSL (Wembley National Stadium Limited), the Football Association, the Department for Culture Media and Sport and the London Development Agency. It is the most expensive stadium ever built at a cost of  £798 million and has the largest roof-covered seating capacity in the world. The all seater stadium is based around a bowl design with a capacity of 90,000, protected from the elements by a sliding roof that does not completely enclose it. It can also be adapted as an athletic stadium by erecting a temporary platform over the lowest tier of seating. The stadium’s signature feature is a circular section lattice arch of 7 m (23 ft) internal diameter with a 315 m (1,033 ft) span, erected some 22 ° off true, and rising to 140 m (459 ft) tall. It supports all the weight of the north roof and 60% of the weight of the retractable roof on the southern side. The archway is the world’s longest unsupported roof structure. The initial plan for the reconstruction of Wembley was for demolition to begin before Christmas 2000, and for the new stadium to be completed sometime during 2003, but this work was delayed by a succession of financial and legal difficulties. It was scheduled to open on 13 May 2006, with the first game being that year’s FA Cup Final. However, worries were expressed as to whether the stadium would actually be completed on time. The new stadium was completed and handed over to the FA on 9 March 2007, with the total cost of the project (including local transport infrastructure redevelopment and the cost of financing) estimated to be  £1 billion. The delays started from the very start. The procurement process to contractor followed a twin track approach. Multiplex, who ultimately won the contract, were given preferential treatment from the start. The official Wembley Stadium website announced that the stadium would be open for public viewing for local residents of Brent on 3 March 2007, however the event was delayed by two weeks and instead happened on 17 March. The keys to the new Wembley stadium were finally handed over to the owners on 9 March 2007 ready to be open and used for upcoming FA Cup football matches, concerts and other events. 2.1 stakeholders The Football Association The FA was founded in 1863 as the governing body for football in England. The FA is responsible for all regulatory aspects of the game of football in England and is responsible for promoting the development of the game at every level. The FA runs the England Teams, The FA Cup, The FA Community Shield, Womens Football, The FA Youth Cup and a range of other competitions. Every year the stadium hosts all home, senior England International games, The FA Cup final and semi-finals, The FA Community Shield and The FA Vase and Trophy Finals. Wembley National Stadium Limited, the company that operates Wembley Stadium, is a fully owned subsidiary of The FA. Department of Culture, Media and Sport The sponsoring department for Sport England. The department is led by the Secretary of State, Rt Hon Tessa Jowell MP, who sits in the Cabinet. The Department is providing  £20million of funding towards the stadium project. This contribution will pay for non-stadium infrastructure improvements to the Wembley area. Sport England A Government agency, formerly The Sports Council. It leads the development of sport in England by influencing and serving the public, private and voluntary sectors. It is responsible for the administration of the sports section of the National Lottery in England. A  £120million Lottery Grant funded the purchase of the old Wembley Stadium. The London Development Agency The London Development Agency is the capitals economic development body, promoting economic renewal and development. Its one of nine Regional Development Agencies. Working for the Mayor and in partnership with businesses and other organisations it benefits all Londoners by delivering economic development and regeneration for the capital. The LDA has contributed  £21million to the project Controversy and events during construction When the project first started, it was delayed for two years due to financial and political difficulties before eventually getting underway in late 2002. The stadium was supposed to be completed by May 2006 for the FA Cup Final, but this was transferred to Cardiff following consultation with Multiplex about when the stadium would be finished. Multiplex was unable to complete the stadium within the scheduled time and had to pay penalties. In December 2008, Multiplex sued the stadium designer Mott MacDonald for  £253m saying that it was denied access to key design information that led to increased steelwork costs. A few construction problems were highlighted during the project. The first was a problem between Multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge. Cleveland Bridge walked off the job in 2004 shortly before the arch was raised because they did not believe they would be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between the two parties. The problems resulted in two high-profile court cases where the two companies sued each other for breach of contract (Multiplex sued for  £45m and Cleveland Bridge sued for  £22.5m to recover what it believed it was owed). In September 2008, Multiplex won the case and received  £6m from Cleveland. The second problem involved a temporary roof support rafter, which fell by over half a metre in March 2006. This resulted in the evacuation of 3,000 construction workers and delayed worked while inspections and reports were carried out. The project began again shortly afterwards. Later, in March 2006, a third problem came to light. The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement. Remedial work started later on. The stadium was scheduled to be completed by late summer 2006; however, it was completed in March 2007 moving the scheduled sport events to other stadium. Analysis It is easy to see the impact of failed project management in works such as Wembley stadium. It damaged the reputation which hampers the ability to gain further work. Customers were very dissatisfied as they were hoping that it`s construction will be completed on time. Cost was so over ruined that lead to huge loss of profit. This project damaged the relationship with sub-contractors and other business partners, financial penalties were paid to the workforce and there was a huge amount of low morale amongst the workforce. First we look at the Time, cost and The Legal battle over the Wembley stadium issue. The first major problem concerning Wembley stadium was the time and cost  issue. Wembley stadium was almost delayed for eight long years.  Plans for a new national stadium have been dogged by delays, management problems and spiralling costs since Wembley was chosen in December 1996. The designs were unveiled in 1999. This was  due to several problems .when the project first started it was delayed for two yrs due to financial and political difficulties but got underway in 2002.This guide to Multiplex paying penalties for the late finishing of the contract although they have threatened to sue WNSL over changes in the design which they suggest the main reason responsible for the project being late. The first problem was between multiplex and the steel contractor Cleveland Bridge, Bridge walled away from the job in 2004 because they believe that they were not going to be paid for materials and there were irrevocable difficulties between two parties. On the other hand the temporary roof support which fell by over half a metre in march 2006 which resulted in the evacuation of 3000 construction workers and delayed work while inspections and reports were carried out .Later in march 2006 the problem of light came in context .The sewers under the stadium had buckled due to ground movement ,Remedial work was put into action for this and is currently nearing completion.It is also been claimed by multiplex that wrong type of concrete was used in the foundation The financial pressures on Wembley could increase if the Olympic Stadium in Stratford is retained as an 80,000-capacity stadium following the games. If the Olympic Stadium were to be retained as an 80,000-capacity venue, an idea that is again gaining ground, it could harm the future viability of both. Wembley made a loss of  £23m in 2008 once depreciation, interest payments and tax were taken into account. Despite refinancing its loans, the operating company faces several years of onerous interest payments on the  £757m stadium. The continuing strain that Wembley places on the FAs accounts has become more significant in the wake of the collapse of Setantas  £150m broadcasting deal. The FA is hoping to conclude a replacement deal with the BBC for the remaining FA  Cup rights but is likely to have to accept a significant drop in income. Construction challenges The construction presented a number of challenges. No stadium has ever been built this way, so architects and engineers had to use complex computer models to predict how the structure would behave if built in certain ways. Given the special history of the previous Wembley Stadium, the designers had to pay particular attention to the atmosphere of the stadium, including the way it will sound with a full crowd cheering. Again, computers were used to simulate the acoustics of the new stadium before the design was agreed upon. http://plagiarism.pro/ crossrefme.net/scripts/report7.php http://searchenginereports.net/articlecheck.aspx duplichecker.com/search.asp dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker/ Reference ^ Work begins on 2012 Olympic field. BBC News. 2010-05-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8699319.stm. ^ News: New era of stadium design begins with Olympic Stadium London 2012. london2012.com/news/media-releases/2007-11/new-era-of-stadium-design-begins-with-olympic-stadium.php. Retrieved 2008-08-05. guardian.co.uk/football/2009/nov/17/wembley-stadium-2012-olympic-games

Biologics PRODUCTION AND MARKET Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biologics PRODUCTION AND MARKET - Essay Example epresent a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical market according to Aagaard, Purdy, and Philpott (2010) who cite that in 2007 American consumers reportedly spent approximately $40 billion on biologics constituting about 13.9 percent of the overall money spent on prescription drugs. The statistics further show an increase in the use and prescription of biologics in the coming years. Visiongain, an international company, predicted that the market share of the biologics would immensely increase over these years. According to the statistical data, these biologics will reach an estimated 178.4 billion by 2017. It was also found that biologics formed 15% of the pharmaceutical market in the year 2012 (Visiongain, 2013). Another report put forward by Allied Market Research also found out that the market of biologics would increase drastically over the years to come. According to Allied Market Research, it is estimated that the share would increase from a total of $1.3 billion in 2013 to $35 billion by the year 2020. This clearly shows that the demand for biologics will keep on increasing as time is passing by (Market Watch, 2015). According to the forecasts, this has increased from $46 billion to $169 billion in the year of 2012 and is further expected to increase to $221 billion by 2017. Following is the graphical data which shows the forecast of biologics between th e years of 2004 till 2017. However despite the success of biologics in the field of healthcare, there has been much debate regarding the approval of and patenting of the relevant technology. Biologics go through a fast track approval process which greatly speeds the process. Much of the criticism pertaining to fast track approval procedure for biologics focuses on safety concerns which are ignored during the fast process. According to the FDA (2011), the fast track procedure is to allow for speedy approval of biologics for treatment of life-threatening diseases and hence is required due to necessity.